Structural imperfection of -Si3N4 crystals associated with nucleation

Nucleation of protein crystals.

This paper introduces nucleation theory applied to crystallizing protein solutions. It is shown that the classical approach explains the available nucleation data under most conditions used for growing protein crystals for structural studies and for industrial crystallization. However, it fails to explain most experimental data on the structure of the critical clusters. It is also shown that fo...

Nucleation of Crystals in Solution

Figure 1. Schematic illustration of the two-step mechanism of nucleation of crystals. A dense liquid cluster forms. A crystal nucleus may form inside the cluster. Top: Macroscopic viewpoint of events. Bottom: The free-energy ΔG along two possible versions of the two step nucleation mechanism. 0 L L G − Δ is the standard free energy of formation of dense liquid phase and 0 C G Δ —that of formati...

Nucleation of monosodium urate crystals.

(1) Calcium greatly increased crystallization of monosodium urate in otherwise pure water, by enhancing both nucleation and growth. (2) Acid accelerated urate nucleation, both by its direct action and indirectly by increasing the free calcium in physiological fluids. (3) Synovial fluid from one gouty patient accelerated urate nucleation, while that from one rheumatoid patient inhibited nucleati...

Si3N4 optomechanical crystals in the resolved-sideband regime

Kinetics of two-step nucleation of crystals.

When the nucleation of a stable crystalline phase directly in a supersaturated old phase is greatly retarded, the crystal nuclei might nucleate within faster-forming particles of an intermediate phase. Here we present a theoretical investigation of the kinetics of this two-step nucleation of crystals and derive general expressions for the time dependence of the number of crystals nucleated with...